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Most people are familiar with these growths on maize plants:

Such tumor-like structures can be found on maize plants. These are what is known as corn smut (to use the scientific term: Ustilago maydis), a highly specialized fungus that can only infect maize and forms exactly such growths. It infects the plant and feeds on it – it is therefore a parasite. It gets its name from its appearance, which resembles burns.

Persistent but harmless

The infection of the plant by this fungus is mainly promoted by various stress factors, such as extreme weather conditions. The problem: it cannot be controlled. The spores can even survive in the soil for 6–10 years. They are spread by wind or feed residues. The fungus itself does not produce toxins and is therefore not poisonous. However, the feed value naturally decreases, since the fungus uses the nutrients for itself. Caution is still advised, though, because mold fungi are often present alongside corn smut, and these in turn can produce toxins. Therefore, the later feed benefits from the use of a good silage additive.

A reason to be happy

Corn smut can even be a reason to be happy, for example in Mexico. There, it is considered a delicacy. Ears infected with the fungus are harvested before it is fully mature. It is then used in various dishes or simply prepared with onions, garlic, and spices. It is also of interest in biotechnology, as it can produce different substances depending on how it is treated. However, research on this is still ongoing.

Huitlacoche tacos

Cause for concern?

A widespread infestation of this fungus is definitely not desirable, as it reduces feed value and can promote other harmful fungal species. However, an occasional occurrence does no harm and also looks quite fascinating. For the more adventurous, suitable recipes from Mexico can certainly be found online – at least to those who eat mushrooms, it looks delicious – although we cannot guarantee that 🙂